How To - science4fun

Want to get pleasure from natural rainbow colors? But you don’t want wait for rain. By knowing science you can. In this home experiment, we are going to make a rainbow on a paper by applying the same principle that a real rainbow follows. Except that, our homemade rainbow won’t be an arc.

Things You Will Need

Small size mirror
Frying Pan (or any other similar to it)
White paper and Sunlight

How to Make

Fill the frying pan with water.
Clean the surface of the mirror and place it in the pan at an angle below the surface level of the water.
Place your pan in sunlight, such that sunlight falls on the surface of the mirror.
Hold a white paper above the pan to catch the reflected rays of the mirror.

If your setup is correct, then you should be able to watch rainbow colors on paper. If not, try to change the angle of the mirror in the pan until you see colors.

I have taken some picture on my paper and on my hand.

Watch the video of Rainbow on paper below

How to Works

When you shine sunlight on the mirror, light first enters into the water and refracts (bends). Since sunlight is a mixture of visible colors each color has its own frequency and wavelength. So, these colors refract at different angles and get separated from each other. These separated colors are reflected from the mirror on the paper.

Try it

Try using a large mirror in the water tub and note the results. Does it affect the formation of the rainbow?

In the ancient time, before the invention of metal and clay pots. Humans have been boiling water in large cup-shaped leaves. So, this is an old method of boiling water. But, just for fun and learning how it works, we will boil water in a bag made out of paper.

Precaution: Always wear safety goggles and hand gloves when dealing with chemicals. Also, take the permission from your parents for the experiment, or involve them.

You will Need

Paper (for making the bag)
Scotch tape
A gas stove

What to Do

Make a simple cup-shaped paper bag with the help of scotch tape. But remember to keep the bottom area of the bag larger than the area of the fire of your gas stove.
Put your bag on the gas stove, and fill the bag with some water to boil.
Start fire gently, and keep its flame-level lower than the corner and sides of your paper bag. Otherwise, sides of your bag may burnout.
Wait until water starts to boil. If you have a household thermometer use it to check water temperature to find out how fast the temperature is rising.

What is Happening?

You may wonder how a thin sheet of paper has survived the hot flame. It is because the paper has the ability to absorb water. When you have poured water into your paper bag, it absorbed some water. This absorbed water prevented the bag from burning in the flame. But, the flame was keeping the paper dry to hold the water. In this way, the water that became hot went to the surface and cold water took its place. This process continued and water started to boil, as the temperature reached the 100 Celsius.

It is an ideal home experiment and science fair project. In this experiment, you will learn how lava is ejected from a volcano, and about the chemical reaction of vinegar and baking soda. We will use the materials from the kitchen to build a model of a volcano. It will look like a lava erupting mountain.

Precaution: Always wear safety goggles and hand gloves when dealing with chemicals. Also, take the permission from your parents for the experiment, or involve them.

Things You Will Need

Baking soda
vinegar
empty plastic bottle
clay or wheat flour
cardboard sheet

How to Make

Place the cardboard sheet on a clean surface, and put the empty plastic bottle on the center of the sheet.
Use wet clay or wet wheat flour to cover the plastic bottle. Try to shape the clay like a rough mountain, and place stones around it. Be careful, clay/wheat flour should not be dropped inside the bottle, and also don’t cover the opening of the bottle.
Dry your structure in sunlight until it is hard to break.
Add 2 to 3 spoonful of baking soda and 4 drops of red food coloring in the bottle that you have covered with clay.

Your Volcano is ready for eruption!

Take your model where you want to perform it, then add some vinegar in the bottle to start the volcano. You will see, a red fountain of foamy liquid will come out of the volcano model.

How it works

When baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar (acetic acid) are mixed, they react with each other. As a result, gas bubbles made of carbon dioxide are produced. These bubbles build the pressure inside the bottle. This pressure force the foamy liquid out from the bottle.

Try it

Use different quantities of baking soda and vinegar with different colors.
Use three bottles in the place of one with three different colors (Red, Green, and Blue).
Use glowing ink or powder with food coloring.